Yulius Rustan Effendi
PGRI Kanjuruhan University, 48 S. Supriadi St., ID-65148 Malang, Indonesia, efenrust@unikama.ac.id
Abstract:
This study endorses cultural, humanistic, and nationalistic approaches for prin-
cipals’ transformational leadership, outlining character development across three frameworks.
It uses qualitative methods (interviews, observation, document review), analyzed with modified
analytic analysis. Findings strongly favor principals adopting these approaches, significantly en-
hancing student character development. Indonesian principals should prioritize cultural values,
spirituality, and nationalism for inclusive, character-nurturing schools.
